DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

I8LAJVJD OF TRINIDAD: 

MADE BY ORDER OF 

SIR RALPH ABERCROMBIE, K. B; 

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE BRITISH 

FORCES IN THE WEST INDIES; 

By F. MALLET, Capt. of the Surveying. Engineers, 

1797. 



INSULA DIVES OPUM. Virgil. 

Printed on FOUR SHEETS of large ATLAS PAPER: 

In which are delineated all the Lands granted by the 
Crown of Spain since the first Establishment ; likewise 
all those Lands which remain to be granted, and are 
suitable for various Manufactures and Plantations; dis- 
tinguishing also the Mountains, Rivers, Savana and Marsh 
Lands; Royal Roads, Indian Paths, Anchoring Places,. 
Rocks, Sand-Hanks, fyc. with the Soundings round the 
Island in Fathoms. 

Accompanied with a General Chart of the GULPH of PARIA. 

LONDON: \/. 

PRINTED FOR 

W. FADEN, Geographer to the KING, and to 

His Royal Highness the Prince of WALES, 

Charing Cross. 

Price One Pound Seven Shillings the MAP and DESCRIPTION. 

, -a- , r 

| Smeeton, St. Martin's Lane. | 

1802. 



U,i53 



'&£ 



L^^ I 1 *>" *"' 



THE 

ISLAND 



OF 



TRINIDAD 



LIES on the North-Eaft Coaft of South America, near the entrance 
of the River Orinoco (Oroonoko) in the 1 1 ° of north Latitude, 
and 6i° Longitude Weft of London. It is the largeft and fouthern- 
moft of all the Leeward Iflands, meaiuring in its extreme length from Eaft 
to Weft 60 Britifh miles, and from North to South 45: miles ,• containing 
2,400 fquare miles fuperficial meafure. It muft be obferved here, as one of 
the peculiar advantages of this Ifland, that it is without the reach of the 
Hurricanes fo deftructive in Jamaica and fome other Iflands. Trinidad was 
diicovered by Chriftopher Columbus, in his third voyage, July 31ft, 1498, 
and fo named from its appearance, at 1 3 leagues diftance to the S. E. with 
three heads or mountains above all the reft. It was then inhabited by Caribs 
of a very mild difpofition, induftrious, well made, and of a whiter colour than 
that of the people of the other iflands. The greater): part of them how- 
ever were already deftroyed, in 151 8, when the Spaniards, for working the 
mines, made flaves of all the Indians they could kidnap, under the abomin- 
able pretence that they were man-eaters : The virtuous las Casas could 
refcue but very few inhabitants of Trinidad from this general Profcription. 

Sir Walter Raleigh, who was in the Ifland of Trinidad in J593> re- 
marks upon it as being very proper for the cultivation of Tobacco and Sweet 
Canes ; alfo of the Spaniards having told him, that Gold could be found in 
the Ifland, chiefly in the beds of the rivers. 

The Spaniih accounts of Trinidad are very few, and remarkably de- 
ficient -, Father Jofepb Gumilla, from whom we might have expected a 
complete defcription of the Ifland, has taken very little notice of it in his 
Hiftory of the Oroonoko (Orinoco ilhiftrado). 

' B Abbe 



[ 4 ] 

Abbe Raynal, in the Histoire politique et philofophique des deux Indes, 
fays, " the defign of the firft fettlement of this Ifland was for the pur- 
pofe of fecuring the conqueft of the Orinoco.'.' 

Alcedo, in his Dictionary of the Weft Indies and America, is the only 
Spanifh Author who has entered into fome detail concerning Trinidad ; he 
fpeaks with rapture of its fertility, its numerous and various productions ; 
fuch as excellent Grapes, an innumerable quantity of Oranges of the moil 
exquiiite flavour -, of Seville Oranges, Citron. , Lemons, &c. befides all 
the fruits peculiar to the Weft Indies. It produces likewife Coffee, and 
fupplies the Ifland of Margarita and feveral other places with Mayze. The 
article of Indigo is particularly noticed as growing wild in great abundance 
of the beft quality, and the Cocoa as being equally good with that of the 
Province of Caracoa, which is efteemed the beft of the Spanifh Weft- 
Indies ; Gumillafays, that it was preferred by the Traders to the Cocoa of 
the Caraccas ; but that the plantations, or Cocoa walks, have been fo ne- 
glected lince the year 1727, that there are fcarce any left now in the ifland ; 
in fhort, thefe productions are fuch, that the Difcoverers, comparing it 
with the other Iflands, diftinguifhed it by the name of The Paradise. 

The Map of the Ifland of Trinidad, which this brief account is in- 
tended to accompany, appears to have been grounded on the Spanifh Mari- 
time Survey made by order of Government in 1793, anc ^ *h Q Topography 
of the Interior to have been executed by Mr. Mallet in 1797, under the 
directions of the late Sir Ralph Abercrombie, K. B. when the Britifh Forces 
took pofTeflion of the Ifland. In the prefent Map all the Plots of Land which 
have been granted by the Crown of Spain fince its firft Eftablifhment are 
carefully laid down, divided into Quarters, diftinguiming thofe which have 
Settlements, together with the Proprietors Names, of whom a Lift is 
annexed. The Map likewife exhibits all thofe Lands remaining to be 
difpofed of, which are laid out in Lots (numbered) containing 100 Squares, 
or 320 Acres ; each Square being 100 Paces of 3I feet long, is equal to 31 

Acres. The Lots are divided into Quarters or Diftricts, for the purpofe 

of afcertaining their refpective Situations, and other local advantages ; thefe 
Lands are in general covered with very thick Woods. 

In this Ifland there are three diftinct Ridges of Mountains , the Northern, 
Middle and Southern, which are moftly inacceflible, and covered with all 
kinds of incorruptible Woods proper for Ship-Building*. 

* The Ifland, fays Alcedo, is a continual Foreft of precious Timber, fuch as Cedars, 
Walnut-trees of feveral forts ; Palm Trees of various Kinds, Guayacum Tree," &c. 

The 



[ 5 ] 

The Rivers, feveral of which are confiderable, have been traced and 
examined as to what diftance they are navigable, and alfo with refpedt to 
the improvements they may be capable of by deepening their Beds, new 
Canals, &c. 

The navigable Rivers on the Weft Coaft or Gulph, are the Caroni, 
Guaracara, Coura, and Siparia ; thofe on the Eaft Coaft are the Ortoire, 
Neg, Lebranche, and the Oropuche, all which abound with many kinds 
of Finh ; but thofe on the Eaft Coaft are particularly frequented by Sharks ; 
by the Lamentin (Sea Cow or Manattee) weighing generally from 500 
to 800 cwt. fometimes 16 cwt. it is harpooned like the whale, and its 
jflefh is very good frefh or dry : fome of this fpecies have been caught in 
the French Antilles, meafuring 20 feet in length and 10 in breadth; you 
meet alfo with the Pantouflier, or Zigene, a dangerous and voracious 
monfter, about 10 or 12 feet long, and thick in proportion 3 its head is 
fhaped like a hammer, having large round terrific eyes, a wide mouth 
well armed with teeth, and more conveniently difpofed for biting than 
thofe of the Shark, whofe body it mofl refembles. This Fifh is common 
in the French Antilles, and hath been often found at Guadalupe, in the 
Road of Baffe Terre. 

The Carom sis the principal River of the Iiland, being navigable from 
its entrance in the Gulph of Paria to the Aripo, a diftance of nearly 20 
Britim miles. 

The Aripo, a branch of the Caroni, is navigable ; which, by means 
of a Canal to connecl: it with the Guaro, (a branch of the Oropuche alfo 
navigable to the Sea) ; a communication might be opened from the Weft 
Coaft or Gulph of Paria to the Eaft Coaft or Atlantic. 

The Guanape, or Guanaba, a branch of the Caroni, is alfo navigable,, 
but hath lefs depth of water than the Aripo. 

Coura River, on the Weft Coaft is capable of being made navigable 
to the diftance of 5,000 paces. 

The River Siparia is navigable to the diftance of 3,000 paces, and 
might be extended to 7,000. 

The Ortoire or Guataro, is the principal River on the Eaft Coaft, 
having from its entrance to the Morne Orange (a diftance of about 20 
miles) two, four, and five fathoms; but the mouth of this River being 
fhoal water, it would be requifite to cut a navigable Canal of 2,600 paces 
from the Ortoire (between the Settlements of Guias and Thomazo) to the 
Bay of Mayaro, thereby giving the utmoft facility of exportation to the pro- 
ductions of this immenfe tradt of cultivable Land. The Anchorage in 
Mayaro Bay is fafe, having good holding ground with a bottom of fand and 

B 2 gravel* 



I 6 ] 

gravel. You may embark or difembark in this Bay at any time of the Tide. 
The Tide is perceivable in this River about the junction of the Moura. 

The Neg or Nariva River runs parallel to the more at a fhort diftance 
from it, forming a Canal of about five or fix miles in length, with three, 
four, and five fathoms ; it receives the Waters of the Mangrove Trees, 
which fpread over all this part. The water of this River is black, and fo 
much tainted as to render the Sea frothy throughout the Bay. There are 
two navigable Channels, connecting the Rivers Neg and Ortoire, which 
greatly facilitate the draining of thofe Rivers when inundated. 

Lebranche, this River is navigable to the diftance of 6,000 paces, 
the Marines at the entrance might be drained with facility. 

The River Oropuche is navigable to the uppermoft branch, called the 
GUaro (a length of 18 miles) from which a Canal might be made to the 
Aripo, and thereby connect the two oppofite Streams of the Oropuche 
and Caroni. 

Savanas, of which there are feveral in this Ifland. Savana Grande, 
or Great Savana of Caroni, is a large tract of drowned Land, part in 
Savana, although flooded in the rainy feafons. Notwithftanding the center 
of this Marih is level with the Sea, yet a considerable portion of it might 
be fuccefsfully drained by making ftrait Cuts to connect the inflections of 
the River Caroni ; the narrow Channels of which from becoming incum- 
bered at the the time of the inundations, overflow all the Lands adjoining 
thereto. 

The Laguna Grande, or the Great Lagoon, is another tract of Marfh 
Land, inacceffible.- — Thefe Savanas produce a great quantity of the 
Mangrove trees. 

Marjh of Icaque, in this Savana, which is level with the Sea, are two 
Gulfs ; one of which hath an elevation of feven feet, the other thirteen ; 
mud and calcareous earth are continually gufhingout of them. Two of the 
principal Mouths produce detonations in the months of March and June, 
throwing up at the fame time metallic particles, ftones rounded by friction, 
and other heterogeneous fubftances. 

The other Marfhes are thofe of Ortoire, Oropuche, and the Man- 
groves. 

At Cape de la Brea (the weftern extremity of the Great Lagoon) is a 
Lake of Bitumen or Pitch, fituated 80 feet above the level of the Sea, and 
very extenfive ; good water may always be found in fome of the openings 
at two, four, and eight feet depth; there are alfo fome fmall Iflands of the 
Mangrove trees. The fort of Pitch which is beft for the ufe of Shipping, 
is found in the center of the Lake ; upon any pieces of it being cut out 

with 



[ 7 ] 

with an axe or otherwife, the chafms will fill up immediately. — The 
feveral branches of this Lake are level throughout, extending towards the 
Sea, but are all fuftained by the main Spring or focus. The Village of 
la Brea is eftabiifhed upon one of thefe Branches, but the Pitch that is 
found near the Sea has received more heat, and contains a greater quantity 
of heterogeneous fubftances. Father Gumilla tells us, that about 60 years 
ago, a little before he came to Trinidad, a fpot of land on the Weftern 
Coaft, near half way between the Capital and the Indian Village, did link 
fuddenly, and was immediately replaced by a fmall lake of Pitch to the 
great furprife and terror of the inhabitants. 

The Weftern Coaji of the lile of Trinidad, with the oppolite Coaft of 
the Province of Cumana, form the extenfive Gulph of Paria, named by 
Columbus, Golfo de Ballena, or Gulph of the Whale. There is good 
Anchorage in this Gulf on the Coaft of Trinidad, having from 3 to 10 and 
16 fathoms water, mud bottom. 

Cbaguaramas Harbour lies on the north Shore of this Gulph, about 
three leagues weft of Port of Spain ; is capable of receiving the largeft 
Ships of War, having from 4 to 25 and 40 fathoms water, gravel and ooze 
bottom ; the Shores are bold and fteep. When the Britifh Forces attacked 
the Ifland in 1797, the Spaniards burnt in this Harbour one Ship of 80 
guns, two of 74 guns, and one Frigate of 32 guns. 

The Careening Place (le Carenage) is mallow, having from two to 
four fathoms water, and therefore is fuitable for Merchant Ships only. 

Go/par Grande, — on this Ifland the Spaniards have conftrucTied a 
Battery of Mafonry to protect the Harbour ; it is ill lituated, and without 
folidity. 

Port of Spain (Puerto d'Efpana) is fituated on the North-Eaft Coaft 
of the Gulf of Paria, having a Jetty or Quay of Mafonry, with a Battery 
en Barbette even with the water's edge for the defence of the Town ; here 
are alfo two other Batteries on the eaft fide. 

The Bay before this port is one of the fafeft and moft extenfive in the 
world -, fhips being able to anchor there in a fuperficial fpace of above 70 
miles, with a depth of Water from 12 to five fathoms only one mile off 
fhore, and all good holding ground. Should they drive from their anchors, 
they go on more in foft mud, and are got off without damage. A white 
half-moon Battery, juft above the town, on the brow of the hill, is a good 
Mark for the Bay, and may be (een a long way off: This Battery, by 
large fhips, mould never be brought to the northward of N. N. E. and the 
beft anchorage is in the north-weft bight of the Bay. 

St. 



[ 8 ] 

St. Joseph de Oruna, the capital Town of the Illand, is lituated 
{even miles eaft from the Port of Spain ; on the road between thefe two 
places, is the Village St. John. 

Indian Mijjions in this Illand, among the few Caribs which remain of 
its firft inhabitants, are thofe of Arima, Toco, Gayaro, Cumana, Monferat, 
Savana Grande, and Siparia. 

The Population of Trinidad, according to the account taken in July, 
1797 (fee the annexed Table) amounted to feventeen thoufand, feven 
hundred and eighteen fouls, including all defcriptions. 

Near Cape la Brea, a little to the fouth-weft, is a Gulph or Vortex in 
the Sea, which, in ftormy weather, gufhes out, railing the water five or 
iix feet, and covers the furface for a confiderable fpace with Panoleum or 
Tar. 

On the Eajl Coaji in the Bay of Mayaro, there is another Gulf or 
Vortex, limilar to the former, which, in the months of March and June, 
produces a detonation like thunder, having fome flame with a thick black 
fmoke which vanifhes away immediately ; in about 24 hours afterwards is 
found along lhore of the Bay, a quantity of Bitumen or Pitch, about three 
or four inches thick, which is employed with fuccefs. 

Along the Shore of Cocos Bay to the diftance of about 50 paces, are 
found a great quantity of Palm or Cocoa Trees, whofe fpecies is not 
natural to the Illand ; a Launch coming from the River Orinoco, laden 
with Cocoa Nuts, was wrecked in this Bay, by which accident thefe 
trees were planted and continue to multiply. 

We {hall conclude this fhort, but perhaps comprehenlive account, 
confidering the fcantinefs of our materials, with fome obfervat ions on the 
Gulph of Paria, and the Lands which furround it ; and on the River Orinoco, 
a great part of whofe Waters are difcharged in that Gulf. 

The Gulph of Paria, received at firft the feveral names of Gulf 'of 
the Whale, Gulph Trifle, and Frejh Water Sea; its length from E aft to Weft 
is about 30 fea leagues, and its breadth from North to South about 15 : 
The leffer arm of Rio Orinoco, named Cano de Pederna/es (" channel of the 
Pebbles") and an immenfe number of fmaller branches of various widths, 
all flowing in a northerly direction from the main Stream of the Ori- 
noco, bring the tribute of their Waters to this inland Sea. It has two 
great iffues into the Atlantic Ocean; namely, the Northern Mouth divided 
into four openings, three fmall ones on the eaftern fide, and a large one 
about two leagues broad on the weft part, adjoining to Paria the Continent. 
To this Columbus gave the name of the Dragon's Mouth, as he had given 
that of the Serpent's Mouth, to the eaftern iffue of the Gulph in the Atlantic, 

which 



[ 9 ] 

which is about three leagues broad, with a fmall Ifland(called Soldiers liland) 
belonging to Trinidad in the middle of it. 

On the North fide the Gulf is feparated from the Atlantic Sea by a 
narrow neck of fertile Land, which Columbus has named Paria, it is 
occupied by a few Indians, whofe villages, chiefly along the Coaft, are 
thinly fcattered ; the Spaniards had lately in that part fome fettlements of 
French Emigrants from the Antilles ; but according to report thefe Colonifts 
have been lately expelled. 

The weft and fouth fides of the Gulph are all low, fwampy grounds, 
but efpecially the fouth fide as far as the Cano de Pedernales, where the 
Orinoco might be faid to begin, and which is the Canal of communication 
with the main Stream of the River ; the length of this Channel is about 50 
leagues, and its navigation not difficult. 

All the part belonging to the River is remarkable for its periodical 
overflowings ; the Orinoco begining to fwell in April, increafes pro- 
greflively during five months, and rifes on the fixth to its greateft height. 
In October it begins to decreafe gradually till the month of March, during 
the whole of which it is at the loweft level of its diminution. Thefe alter- 
nate variations are regular and even invariable. 

This Phenomenon, the caufe of which is unknown, appears according 
to Abbe Ray mal, to depend more on the Sea than on the Land : during the 
five months of the River's increafe, the hemifphere of the new World, in 
fome degree expofes only Seas, and fcarce any Lands to the perpendicular 
action of the folar rays : during the following fix months of the River's 
decreafe, the immenfe Continent of America only is prefented to that fame 
action ; the Sea then is lefs fubject to the active influence of the fun, or at 
leaft its fhelving towards the eaftern Coaft is counterbalanced, and broken 
in a ft ronger degree by the Lands; it muft therefore leave a greater freedom 
to the courfe of the Rivers, which being in that cafe not fo clofely kept 
back by the Sea, can be fwelled only by the melting of the Snow in the 
fouthern Cordilleras, or by the rains. Perhaps alfo it is the rainy feafon 
which determines the increafe of the Orinoco ; we fhall add that this is 
the opinion of Father Gumilla, who feems to have examined this lingular 
effect with great attention. " When fome enlightened nation, concludes 
" Abbe Raynal, (hall become acquainted with the banks of the Orinoco, 
" the phenomena of its courfe will be known, or at leaft they will be 
" thoroughly ftudied." 

The branches of the Orinoco, as numerous as they are intricate, form 
a multitude of Iflands of different fizes, which you find covered with palm 
trees ; although their foil lies under water during fix months of the year, and 

the 



[ 1° ] 

the tide covers it twice a day j they are inhabited by the Guarattnas, who 
have found the means of conftru&ing commodious huts on high piles deeply 
driven in the mud, and fometimes to build them in the trees themfelves, 
which at the fame time fupply them with food, drink, houfehold furniture, 
canoes, &c. &c. Thefe Indians are fuppofed to be about fix thoufand, their 
language is foft, eafily learnt, and fpoken by all the Spanim traders of 
Guyana j they are very expert fifhermen, and trade in fi(h, nets, bafkets, &c. 
made with the leaves of their palm trees. They are a mild, gay and fociable 
nation, always dancing, and at peace with every body. 



FINIS. 



J. Smeeton, Printer, 148, St. Martin's Lane, Weftminfter. 



Ju 1 o 1 



OF 



PROPRIETORS of LAND 



IN THE 



ISJLANE) OF TEINEDAB, 

MARCH 20th, 1797. 



V. Benfils 


- 


Nugent 


Mandillon 




Bernard 


Le Fevre 
Belgent 
V. Pechier 


/ Point a Pierre 


Sipriani 

Renau 

Borde 


Letain ^ 




Bouler 


D'Vineta 




Gracien 
Rambert 


-> 

V. Pechier 




Oliver 


Loreille 




Sr. Martin 


Rochard 




Francique 


Mongonge 
Salvador 




D'Coll 

Serrat 


Dubois 




Anfries 


Vincent 
Pilatre 




Cupet 
Sardien 


Picou 
Blondel 


> Naparima 


Crivel 
Thelor 


Juillet 


• 


Hudes 


Bontour 
Caille 




Langtan 
Morin 


Clairmen 




Godinee 


Bordenave 




Polesias 


Treit 
Deravine 




Fifague 
Pradon 


Clarck 




Letrain 



1 



i 



Naparima 



[ » 3 



Trabau -^ 
Polerie i 


-; 




Allatre 
Ducliatel 




Oroser i 
Voisin 


>Siparia 


Huet 
Mer. Huet 




Toulisier 


• 


Mahan 




Hilaire * 




Hugues 




Vatable ■> 




Duitron ' 
Juan Radin 




Boucuu 




Selier 




Durigne 




De Burel 




Boye 

Oditto 




Ruanet 
Suranpar 


> Mayaro. 


Dandon 




Cardoniere 




Vance 

Cadue 

Dubois 

Dance 

Gougon 


y Brest 


Dupuch 

Fronlin 

h'Lahai 

Ipolite 

Romain 




Deprace 
Coander 




Desten 
Redou 




Lesier 




Rose 




Papin 
Fortin 




Raphad 

Pedre _^ 




La Mote 




Guide 




Long 

L'Patiance 

Honore 


^ Trois 


1 Rose 
Louis 
P. Martin 




Marsiany 
Qorge 

Capeville 


Icaque 


Lignes 

Martao 

Robert 

Lignes 

Fontin 


i 

> Guayaguayare 


Lesade 
Radia 


Erin 


Blans 

Palanquin 

Rigo 




Guias 
Thomaso 


> Mayaro 




Copstus 
Rigo 




Mahan 


J 




Durefor - 





f 13 ] 



S. Martin 


; 




Desqueruche 
Me. Robert 




Bisaque 
Guide 






Tenebre 






Balan 

Rogie 


^ Guayaguayare 




Ruanel 






Bernard 






Moncreau 






Godin 






Gilulau 




Sippiuni 
Mercie 


1 




Traiton 


- 




Elic 






Dert 






Bodin 






D'guspar 
Percin 






Joyen 
Nicol 
Noel' 


> Carenage 




Simon 






Gardin 






Betteran 






Rochard 






Duvivur 






Ozelet 






Dumas 


• 




Gelino 






Mingot 1 
Petiete 1 






Sicar • > 
Duran 


Diego Martin 




Audier 







Rolan 


: 


Roche 




Du Couron 




Dominique 
Begere 




Olivier 




Sorre 




Labarene 


■ 


Dufally 
Teansie 




Semian 
Moro 


^ Diego Martirt 


Pelicite 


| -'■ 


Audiber 


. 


Gealtroi 




Audiber 




Pouchet 




Desoon 




Portel 




Julien 




Gros j 


j 


Mendez 


- 


Winderflet 




Chapel 
Pecennin 




Devuach y 
Lotom I 


Maraval 


Ludeves ! 




Gousales 




Pechier J 




Dert 




Danglade 

Fayelle 

Huet f 


ragarette 


Bignon 

Vignon J ■ 





[ 1+ ] 



Roblos 




Jermin 




Farfan 




Mosquire 
Lesaine 




Gama 




Tourn 


>• Maracas 


Rivain 




Guerino 




Gene 




Miver 




Aralby 


. 


Porlet 




Black 




Sousane 




Charbon 




Nugent 
Clark 


► Sta. Cruz 


Courville 




Martin 




Farfan 




Cosle 




Laforet 




Morel "5 




Norare 




Felix 




Farfas 




Cazenove 




Lapargan 

Ulorte 

Gardien 


>■ St. Josep] 


Indare 




Miane 




Cajeton 




Novari 




Topez 

Silier 


ti 



Creny 




Lynch 




Farfan 




Gaspar 
Legendre 


!>St. Joseph 


Purtel 




Magnemar 


• 


Lufay 


. 


Geugnon 




Solger 




S. Pern 




Dauson 
Joseph 


S'Tacarigua 


Obrieri 




Robinson 




Mucarti 




Chaumet 
Teblau 


>• Arouca 


Narcise 




Jacquis 




Traille 




Guiro 




D'Godet 
Ponne 


>. Cumana or 


Guiro 




Dupi 




Monique 




Rotan 




Muli spine -* 




S. Aurin 


> Quiaouan* 


Purre -' 




Pilard -| 




Diguine ) 


' Casahal 


Ramsay 





[ 15 ] 



Henitson 

Iguius 

Nugent 

Waldrop 

Warner 

Robertson 



Dyckson 

Codet 

Jantis 



> Casahal 



} 



Savaneta 



Favel 

Samerson 

Duchaleau 

Aluson 

Farfan 

V. Safon 

Cofine 

General Cuyler, 

Commander inChief, 

] 920 Acres. 



► Savaneta 



A 



A GEN# anu fa£iures an< i Plantations, fuch as Sugar 



(D" A 5 



Tacarigua 

Arouca - 

Aripo 

Guaro - 

Caroni - 

Guiaouana 

Belle plaine 

Tamana - 

Muro 

Monferrat - 

Savana Grande 

Orange 

Moura 

Le Grand Fond 

Carape - 

Cafcajal 

Savanetta 

Punta de Piedras 

Naparima 

Siparia - 

La Brea 
Guapo - 
Cedro et Irois 
Quemada 
Erin 

Chagonaray - 
Curao - 
Morruga 
Guayaguayare 
Mayaro - 

Ortoire 

Cocos - 

L'Ebranche 

Oropuche 

Matura 

Balandra 

Cumana 
Grand Riviere 



100 Squares, or 320 Acres. 



BSERVATIONS. 



it for Coffee and Cocoa only. 

Soil, flat Land, and communicates with the River Caroni. 

f be made into Sugar Plantations, from the facility of cutting Canals. 

5 ; having a light Soil, it may be extended into the Vallies of the Northern Mountains. 

drained, and Navigable Canals made through it. 

re. 



:. 



nearly the whole of thefe Quarters are fuitable for the Culture of Sugar Canes. 



Hills are in Ridges, near each other ; fit for Coffee. 
e, except Cotton. 

of the Ortoire, and is not very hilly ; thefe three Diftricts may be enlarged, 
ble River Ortoire; the Soil is gcod and well drained, 
account of the Navigation of the Ortoire. 
ble for all forts of Plantations. 



Sugar of the Colony; hath two navigable Rivers. 
Interior of the Land is fandy, having a white Sand to the depth of three Feet, and red 

or Sugar and Coffee. 

e of a fuperior Quality for the Culture of Sugar Canes and Coffee. 

ly in the Interior ; it is fit for Sugar and Coffee only. 

id in the Neighbourhood of Icaque is damp and marfhy. 

e, on account of the eafy Communication with both Coafts. 

fit for every Sort of Culture. 

n, and is capable of being enlarged. 

bonveniency of the Landing Places, is fit for every kind of Culture. 

Cotton and Coffee only. 

right Bank of the Ortoire, but on approaching to Guayaguay, the Cultivation becomes more 

itr are high ; a Canal might be made, which would communicate with Mayaro. 
;d, and hath a fruitful Soil. 

th an Embarcadaire, or Landing Place, at his Entrance, and another at the Point Mancenille. 
g a Navigable Canal, to open a Communication between the Rivers Oropuche and Caroni. 
Coffee, and the low Lands for Cocoa ; the Soil is very productive, 
lg hilly and rugged ; it has two Embarcadaire s, or Landing Places, and communicates with 

towards the Eaft Coaft only. 

:ions might be eftablifhed in this Quarter, the Soil being very good, but has little depth. 



North Coaft, are covered with all kinds of incorruptible Wood, fit for Ship Building ; the 
>, Chogaray, Erino, Quemada, Cedro, Irois, Guapo, la Brea and Naparina, abound in 
or Crapa Wood. 



A GENERAL ACCOUNT of the Quantity of Land, fuitable for various Manufactures and Plantations, Rich as Sugar, 
Coffee, Cotton, Cocoa, Indigo, &c. Each Portion of Land contains 100 Squares, or 320 Acres. 



QUARTERS. 



Tacarigua 
Arouca - 
Aripo - 
Guaro - 
Caroni - 
Guiaouana 
Belle plainc 
Tamana 
Muro 

Monfcrrat - 
Savana Grande 
Orange 
Moura 

Le Grand Fond 
Carape - 
Cafcajal 
Savanetta 
Punta de Piedras 
Napavima 
Siparia - 

La Brea 
Guapo - 
Ccdro ct Irois 
Quemada 
Erin 

Chagonaray - 
Curao - 
Morruga 
Guayaguayare 
Mayaro - 

Ortoire 
Cocos - 
L'ICbranche - 
Oropuche 
Matura 
Balandra 

Cumana 
Grand Riviere 



Valey of Coura 

Ditto 

River 

River 

Navigable River 

Swampy Land - 

Mountain 
River 
Million - 

Mountain - 
River 

Palm Trees 
Point 

Ancient Million 
Point 
Mountain 
Million - 

Point of Bitumen 

Bay 

Bay 

Bay 

Bay 

Point 

Point 

Point 

Bay 

Bay 

River 

Bay 

River 

River 

Bay 

Bay 

Bay 



Interior of the Ifland 



Weftern Coaft, Gulf of Paria 



Southern Coaft . 



Eaftern Coaft - 



Northern Coaft 



bJO 

D 
C/3 


o 


c 
o 

o 


o 

u 




r 5 


19 


__ 





24 


34 


— 








34 





41 


_ 


69 


110 


— 


41 


— 


5 


92 


102 


— 








102 


42 





— 





42 


78 


— 


— 





78 


_ 


48 


— 


48 


96 





50 





46 


96 


16 


78 


— 


— 


94 


36 


27 


— 


54 


117 


73 


40 


— 





113 


54 


27 


— 





81 


127 


52 


— 





179 


30 

54 


54 








84 





_ 





54 


54 


— 


— 





54 


17 


— 


_ 





17 


40 


— 








40 


-( 


65 


— 


— 


65 


27 


15 








42 


32 


— 


— 


— 


32 


*- 47 


2 


— 


— 


49 


( U 


— 


21 





32 


V 34 


27 


14 


— 


75 


J 25 


55 


— 


— 


80 


] 30 


24 


6 


, — 


60 


1 2 7 


64 


40 


— 


131 


V _ 


26 


22 





48 


65 


28 


10 


— 


93 


[ 107 





_ 





107 


98 


— 


— 


— 


98 


32 


31 


— 


15 


78 


i 22 


23 


— 


— 


45 


— 


65 


14 


21 


100 


— 


36 


20 


— 


56 


— 


— 


11 


_ 


11 


4 


7 


— 


— 


11 


1313 


945 


158 


304 


2720 



OBSERVATIONS. 

This Quarter is already eftabUlhed ; the Soil is fit for Coffee and Cocoa only. 

Dependent on the Quarter of Tacarigua ; good Soil, flat Land, and communicates with the River Caroni. 

All this portion of Land, in procefs of time, may be made into Sugar Plantations, from the facility of cutting Canals. 

Is only fuitable for Coffee and Cocoa Plantations ; having a light Soil, it may be extended into the Vallics of the Northern Mountains. 

Flat Land, fit for Sugar Canes ; might be eafily drained, and Navigable Canals made through It. 

Same as Caroni, and fuitable for the fame Culture. \ 

The fame. \ . . . ,, « „ ' 

The fame. /-nearly the whole of ihefc Quarters arc fuitable for the Culture of Sugar Canes, 

The fame. ) 

The fame quality as Savanna Grande, the fmall Hills are in Ridges, near each other ; fit for Coffee. 

Land not very hilly, fit for every kind of Culture, except Cotton. 

Hath a Communication with the Upper Branch of the Ortoire, and is not very hilly ; thefc three DiftriiSts may be enlarged. 

All this part might communicate with the navigable River Ortoire; the Soil is gt od and welt drained. 

Land proper for every kind of Manufacture, on account of the Navigation of the Ortoire. 

Communicates alio with the Ortoire, and is fuitable for all forts of Plantations. 

The Soil like the above mentioned. 

The fame as Naparina, but not fo hilly. 

The Soil is fimilar to that of Naparina. 

Few Hills and very fruitful, producing the finelt Sugar of the Colony ; hath two navigable Rivers. 

Proper for every Cultivation except Cotton ; the Interior of the Land is fandy, having a white Sand to the depth of three Feet, and red 

Sand under it. 
Few Hills, of the Interior the Land is very fine for Sugar and Coffee. 

High Land near the Shore, the Interior Parts are of a fuperior Quality for the Culture of Sugar Canes and Coffee. 
The Shore is moderately fteep, and not very hilly in tire Interior ; it is fit for Sugar and Coffee only. 
The fame Quality as Erino, the Part of the Land in the Neighbourhood of Icaquc is damp and marlhy. 
Very fandy flat Land, fit for Sugar Manufacture, on account of the cafy Communication with both Coafts. 
Sandy, with a few Hills, the Interior thereof is fit for every Sort of Culture. 
Sandy Ground, fit for Sugar, Coffee and Cotton, and is capable of being enlarged. 

Sandy Ground, not very hilly, which from the conveniency of the Landing Places, is fit for every kind of Culture. 
This Part is very hilly and rugged ; it is fit for Cotton and Coffee only. 
Is eafy for the Culture of Sugar Canes, on the right Bank of the Ortoire, but on approaching to Guayaguay, the Cultivation becomes more 

laborious, and the Land more rugged. 
Good Land, well drained, the Banks ot the River arc high; a Canal might be made, which would communicate with Mayaro. 
Rather wet near the Coaft, may be eafily drained, and hath a fruitful Soil. 

Not very hilly on the right Bank, good Soil, with an Embarcadaire, or Landing Place, at his Entrance, and another at the Point Manccnillc. 
All this Part would become important by making a Navigable Canal, to open a Communication between the Rivets Oropuche and Caroni. 
This Part being hilly, the Interior is fit only for Coffee, and the low Lands for Cocoa ; the Soil is very productive. 
Is fuitable for Coffee and Cotton, the Land being hilly and rugged ; it has two Embarcadaires y or Landing Places, and communicates with 

Matura. 
Suitable for Cotton, which grows in Perfection towards the Eaft Coaft only. 
Four Sugar Plantations and ieven Coffee Plantations might be cftablifiicd in this Quarter, the Soil being very good, but has little depth. 

Note. The Chain of Mountains of the North Coaft, arc covered with all kinds of incorruptible Wood, fit for Ship Building ; the 
DiftriiSts of Morruga, Curao, Chog;:ray, Erino, Quemada, Ccdro, Irois, Guapo, la Brca and Napaiina, abound in 
Orange Trees, and Crapauu or Crapa Wood. 



, 


d of Trinidad, 




INDIANS. 




Names of Quai # 


Women. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Total. 


Las Bocas - - - 








213 


Le Carenage - - 











802 


Diego Martin - - 











1134 


Mucurapa - - - 








— 


309 


Tragarette - - - 


— 





— — 


216 


St. Anne - - - 


— 





— 


644 


Maraval - - - ? 


— 








611 


Santa Cruz - - - 








— 


374 


La Ventille - - - 





— 





419 


Simaronero - - - 








— 


323 


Aricagua - - - 








— 


5 89 


St. Joseph - - 


— 


— — 


— 


728 


Maracal - - - - 











248 . 


Las Cciras - - - 








— 


64 


Tacarigua and Arou 











802 


Arima and Guanaprf 


) 184 


105 


96 


717 


Toco, Salibia, and C{ 


' 50 


20 


28 


399 


Mayaro - - - - 


— 


— ■ 


— 


401 


Guayaguayare - - 


— 


— 


— 


410 


Erin - - - - - 


— 


— 


— 


79 


Icaque and Gallos - 


— 


— 


— 


375 


La Brea - - - - 


— 


— 


— 


555 


Siparia - - - -( 


) 49 


26 


14 


140 


Naparima - - - 


— 


— 


— 


1379 


Monserrat & Savana 


1 118 


39 


48 


293 


Pointe a Pierre - - 


— 


— 


— 


292 


Savanetta, Cuba & C; 


— 


— 


— 


617 


Puerto d'Espana 


— 


— 


— 


4525 


Total • 


5 401 


1.90 


186 


17718 


/ 











Abstract of the Account. 





Whites. 


Colour. 


Slaves. 


Indians. 


Total. 


Men - 


994 


1196 


4164 


305 


6659 


Women - 


590 


1624 


3505 


401 


6120 


Boys - 


301 


898 


1232 


190 


2621 


Girls - 


266 


758 


1108 


186 


2318 


Total - 


2151 


4476 


10009 


1082 


17718 



General Account of the Population and Agriculture of the Island of Trinidad, 



Names of Quarter?. 

Las Bocas - - - - ■ 
Le Cartnagc - - - - 
Diego Martin - - - - 

Mucurapa 

Tragarette - - - - ■ 

St, Anne 

Maraval - - - ? - - 

Santa Cruz 

LaVentille 

Simaroncro 

Aricagua - - - - - 
St. Joseph --*-'• 

Maracal 

LasCoiras 

Tacarigua and Arouca 
Arima and Guanapo- - - 
Toco, Salibia, and Cumana 
Mayaro ------ 

Guayaguayare - - - - 

Erin ------- 

Ieaque and Gallos - - - 

l.a Urea 

Siparia ------ 

Naparima - - - - - 

Monserrat & Savana Grande 
Pointe a Pierre - - - - 

Savanetta, Cuba & Cascajal 
Puerto d'Espaiia - - - 

Total - - 















MADE 


BY 


QUARTERS 


IN 


JULY, 1 


797. 














MANUFACTURERS. 


WHITES. 


COLOUR. 


SLAVES. 


INDIANS. 




Water 
Mill. 


Wind 
Mill. 


Mills 
worked 
byMulcs 


Coffee 
Mills. 


Cotton 
Mills. 


Rum 
Distil- 
ler!. 


Men. 


Women. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Men. 


Women. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Men. 


Women. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Men. 


Women. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Total. 











1 


42 





19 


6 


2 


4 


6 


9 


6 


8 


84 


49 


9 


11 


— 








213 


— 


— 


10 


5 


18 


5 


29 


11 


12 


12 


40 


54 


24 


13 


250 


219 


72 


66 


— 


— 


— 


— 


802 


— 


— 


19 


12 


4 


9 


63 


42 


12 


24 


76 


85 


65 


33 


323 


256 


93 


62 


— 


— 


— 





1134 


— 


— 


8 


2 


— 


3 


11 


12 


— 


1 


13 


26 


11 


13 


92 


81 


21 


28 


— 


— 








309 


— 


— 


3 


— 


— 


2 


7 


9 


3 


1 


4 


11 


— 


1 


109 


87 


25 


19 


— 


— 








276 


1 


— 


5 


24 


16 


2 


21 


9 


12 


6 


52 


58 


36 


41 


164 


167 


39 


39 


— 


— 


— 


— 


644 


1 





2 


7 


1 


4 


21 


8 


5 


2 


36 


49 


31 


25 


200 


119 


59 


56 


— 


— 


— 


— 


611 


. 


— 


— 


5 


— 


— 


7 


5 


7 


11 


64 


58 


46 


43 


48 


39 


24 


22 


— 


— 


— 


— 


37 4 


— 





1 


16 


25 


— 


9 


7 


— 


1 


33 


52 


24 


25 


103 


93 


43 


29 


— 


— 


— 


— 


419 


— 


1 


4 


5 


1 


3 


5 


1 


— 


— 


16 


14 


10 


11 


140 


69 


33 


24 


— 


— 


— 


— 


323 


— 





6 


7 


— 


2 


14 


13 


6 


12 


46. 


44 


47 


27 


162 


123 


50 


45 


— 


— 


— 


— 


5 89 


— 





13 


7 


4 


o 


57 


45 


26 


14 


63 


59 


27 


2S 


169 


130 


60 


50 


— 


— 


— 


— 


728 


— 


— 


3 


4 


■ — 


1 


18 


14 


12 


2 


23 


18 


20 


13 


66 


31 


16 


15 


— 


— 


— 


— 


248 


1 





— 


— 


— 


— 


2 


— 


— 


— 


2 


2 


— 


— 


40 


14 


2 


2 


— 


— 


— 


— 


64 


— 


— 


14 


2 


— 


8 


18 


9 


8 


— 


58 


49 


31 


26 


282 


172 


69 


SO 


— 


— 


— 


— 


802 


— 


— 


— 


5 


— 


— 


13 


9 


2 


5 


16 


7 


10 


14 


56 


40 


23 


27 


110 


181 


105 


96 


717 


— 


— 


1 


— 


59 


— 


7 


7 


7 


7 


7 


12 


19 


24 


51 


56 


27 


20 


57 


50 


20 


28 


399 


— 


— 


1 


— 


65 


— 


28 


12 


6 


2 


13 


16 


9 


6 


146 


84 


40 


41 


— 


— 


— 


— 


401 


— 


— 


1 


— 


U 


— 


26 


10 


15 


10 


6 


17 


14 


9 


132 


79 


56 


34 


— 


— 


— 


— 


410 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1 


— 


1 


1 


1 


2 


20 


14 


15 


12 


8 


4 


1 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


79 


— 


— 


5 


— 


3 


— 


27 


18 


6 


4 


47 


41 


11 


6 


116 


79 


8 


11 


— 


— 


— 


— 


375 


— 


— 


20 


3 


— 


6 


31 


16 


I 


10 


38 


40 


13 


11 


171 


137 


46 


41 


— 


— 


— 


— 


555 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


1 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


50 


49 


26 


14 


140 


T 





20 


25 


28 


8 


69 


32 


36 


28 


12S 


74 


85 


59 


385 


293 


90 


100 


88 


118 


39 


48 


1379 
293 


— 


— 


6 


— 


3 


1 


12 


18 


9 


o 


24 


10 


6 


6 


73 


76 


26 


30 


— 


— 


— 


— 


292 


— 


— 


13 


— 


— 


3 


25 


6 


3 


1 


44 


34 


30 


33 


227 


152 


35 


27 


— 


— 


— 


— 


617 












1 


453 


270 


110 


105 


321 


771 


308 


271 


567 


856 


264 


229 


— 


— 


— 


— 


4525 


3 


1 


155 


130 


344 


60 


994 


590 


301 


266 


1196 


1624 


898 


758 


4164 


3505 


1232 


1 108 


305 


401 


100 


ISO- 


17718 



Abstract of the Account. 





While,. 


Colour. 


Slave. 


Indian,. 


Totul. 


Men - 


994 


1196 


4104 


305 


6659 


Women - 


590 


1624 


3505 


401 


6120 


Uoy* - 


301 


898 


1232 


190 


262 1 


Girli - 


266 


758 


1 108 


186 


2318 


Total - 


2151 


1.4-76 


10009 


1082 


17718 



' '. 









F Tl K ISLEti^Lu OfTTRINI DAD WITH THE Uri.l OK l'AK'l\ ,.v/»77/A ADJACESTL. 



FttUrtnt AvW Fa.lfii i,r,.„,if/,- H U II tlir h 



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